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1 Bodmer, Johann Georg
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines, Textiles, Weapons and armour[br]b. 9 December 1786 Zurich, Switzerlandd. 30 May 1864 Zurich, Switzerland[br]Swiss mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]John George Bodmer (as he was known in England) showed signs of great inventive ability even as a child. Soon after completing his apprenticeship to a local millwright, he set up his own work-shop at Zussnacht. One of his first inventions, in 1805, was a shell which exploded on impact. Soon after this he went into partnership with Baron d'Eichthal to establish a cotton mill at St Blaise in the Black Forest. Bodmer designed the water-wheels and all the machinery. A few years later they established a factory for firearms and Bodmer designed special machine tools and developed a system of interchangeable manufacture comparable with American developments at that time. More inventions followed, including a detachable bayonet for breech-loading rifles and a rifled, breech-loading cannon for 12 lb (5.4 kg) shells.Bodmer was appointed by the Grand Duke of Baden to the posts of Director General of the Government Iron Works and Inspector of Artillery. He left St Blaise in 1816 and entered completely into the service of the Grand Duke, but before taking up his duties he visited Britain for the first time and made an intensive five-month tour of textile mills, iron works, workshops and similar establishments.In 1821 he returned to Switzerland and was engaged in setting up cotton mills and other engineering works. In 1824 he went back to England, where he obtained a patent for his improvements in cotton machinery and set up a mill near Bolton incorporating his ideas. His health failing, he was obliged to return to Switzerland in 1828, but he was soon busy with engineering works there and in France. In 1833 he went to England again, first to Bolton and four years later to Manchester in partnership with H.H.Birley. In the next ten years he patented many more inventions in the fields of textile machinery, steam engines and machine tools. These included a balanced steam engine, a mechanical stoker, steam engine valve gear, gear-cutting machines and a circular planer or vertical lathe, anticipating machines of this type later developed in America by E.P. Bullard. The metric system was used in his workshops and in gearing calculations he introduced the concept of diametral pitch, which then became known as "Manchester Pitch". The balanced engine was built in stationary form and in two locomotives, but although their running was remarkably smooth the additional complication prevented their wider use.After the death of H.H.Birley in 1846, Bodmer removed to London until 1848, when he went to Austria. About 1860 he returned to his native town of Zurich. He remained actively engaged in all kinds of inventions up to the end of his life. He obtained fourteen British patents, each of which describes many inventions; two of these patents were extended beyond the normal duration of fourteen years. Two others were obtained on his behalf, one by his brother James in 1813 for his cannon and one relating to railways by Charles Fox in 1847. Many of his inventions had little direct influence but anticipated much later developments. His ideas were sound and some of his engines and machine tools were in use for over sixty years. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1835.[br]Bibliography1845, "The advantages of working stationary and marine engines with high-pressure steam, expansively and at great velocities; and of the compensating, or double crank system", Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 4:372–99.1846, "On the combustion of fuel in furnaces and steam-boilers, with a description of Bodmer's fire-grate", Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 5:362–8.Further ReadingObituary, 1868–9, Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 28:573–608.H.W.Dickinson, 1929–30, "Diary of John George Bodmer, 1816–17", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 10:102–14.D.Brownlie, 1925–6, John George Bodmer, his life and work, particularly in relation to the evolution of mechanical stoking', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6:86–110.W.O.Henderson (ed.), 1968, Industrial Britain Under the Regency: The Diaries of Escher, Bodmer, May and de Gallois 1814–1818, London: Frank Cass (a more complete account of his visit to Britain).RTS -
2 Railways and locomotives
Biographical history of technology > Railways and locomotives
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3 Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Clement, JosephDu ShiDu YuGongshu PanLi BingMa JunMurdock, WilliamSomerset, EdwardBiographical history of technology > Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
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4 Steam and internal combustion engines
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Giffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesHamilton, Harold LeePorta, Giovanni Battista dellaBiographical history of technology > Steam and internal combustion engines
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5 Weapons and armour
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeCtesibius of AlexandriaZeng Gonglian -
6 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing
См. также в других словарях:
Bodmer, Johann Georg — born Dec. 6, 1786, Zürich, Switz. died May 30, 1864, Zürich Swiss inventor of machine tools and textile making machinery. In 1824 he established a small factory in England to make textile machinery, and by 1833 he had a shop equipped with his own … Universalium
Bodmer, Johann Georg — (6 dic. 1786, Zurich, Suiza–30 may. 1864, Zurich). Inventor suizo de máquinas herramientas y de maquinaria textil. En 1824 estableció una pequeña fábrica en Inglaterra para producir maquinaria textil, y en 1833 ya tenía un taller equipado con sus … Enciclopedia Universal
Johann Georg Sulzer — Johann Georg Sulzer; Gemälde von Anton Graff, 1774, Gleimhaus Halberstadt. Johann Georg Sulzer (* 16. Oktober 1720 in Winterthur; † 27. Februar 1779 in Berlin) war ein Schweizer Theologe und Philosoph der Aufklärung. Seine Allgemeine Theorie der … Deutsch Wikipedia
Johann Georg Schulthess — (auch: Schultheß, Schultheiss; * 18. Dezember 1758 in Stettfurt; † 20. September 1802 in Zürich) war ein Schweizer reformierter Theologe. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Werke 3 Literatur … Deutsch Wikipedia
Johann Georg — Infobox Given Name Revised name = Johann Georg imagesize= caption= pronunciation= gender = Male meaning = region =Germanic origin = related names = Johan George footnotes = The German given name Johann Georg, or its variant spellings, may refer… … Wikipedia
Johann Georg Bodmer — Infobox Engineer image width = 150px caption = PAGENAME name = PAGENAME nationality = Swiss birth date = December 6, 1786 birth place = death date = May 29, 1864 death place = education = spouse = parents = children = discipline = institutions =… … Wikipedia
Johann — /yoh hahn/, n. a male given name, Germanic form of John. * * * (as used in expressions) Johann Jakob Astor Bach Johann Christian Bach Johann Sebastian Baeyer Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Johann Heinrich Belter Bernstorff Johann Heinrich… … Universalium
Georg — (as used in expressions) Georg Bauer Békésy Georg von Bodmer Johann Georg Brandes Georg Morris Cohen Büchner Georg Cantor Georg Caprivi Georg Leo count von Embden Gustav Georg Gadamer Hans Georg Georg August Georg Ludwig Georg Grosz Christian… … Universalium
Georg — (as used in expressions) Georg Bauer Békésy, Georg von Bodmer, Johann Georg Brandes, Georg (Morris Cohen) Büchner, Georg Cantor, Georg Caprivi, (Georg) Leo, conde von Embden, Gustav Georg Gadamer, Hans Georg Georg August Universität zu Göttingen… … Enciclopedia Universal
Johann — (as used in expressions) Johann Jakob Astor Bach, Johann Christian Bach, Johann Sebastian Baeyer, (Johann Friedrich Wilhelm) Adolf von Johann Heinrich Belter Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich, conde von Bodmer, Johann Georg Eck, Johann Johann Maier… … Enciclopedia Universal
Johann Jacob Bodmer — Johann Jakob Bodmer in jüngeren Jahren Johann Jakob Bodmer als älterer Mann Johann Jakob Bodmer (* 19. Juli 1698 in … Deutsch Wikipedia
